An accumulation of fine, powdery aggregate particles on fresh cement caused by the upward movement of water; indicates that too much water was used in the mix resulting in poor surface adhesion for a waterproofing layer.

See Dimensional Shingles or Architectural Shingles.

The part of the roofing material that overlaps a section of adjacent material.

Asphalt-based roof cement used to adhere overlapping plies of asphalt roll roofing.

Where two material that overlap are sealed together.

Metal used for flashing material.

A component used to direct water from a through-wall scupper to a downspout. Also known as a Collector Head.

A conduit for carrying water from a gutter, scupper, drop outlet or other drainage unit from roof to ground level. Also known as Downspout.

The rise in Sprayed Polyurethane Foam resulting from a pass.

Temporary items on a roof such as equipment, people, snow, etc. which the roof must be designed to support.

Roofing material attached only at the perimeter and at penetrations and held in place by ballast, pavers, or other materials.

Roof pitches less than 4/12 are considered low sloped roofs. Special installation practices must be used on roof sloped 2/12 – 4/12. Shingles cannot be installed on slopes less than 2/12