The philosophy of Ayn Rand. The concept of man as a heroic being, with his own happiness as the moral purpose of his life, with productive achievement as his noblest activity, and reason as his only absolute.

SPF where the 1 to 1 ratio of the A and B components has been compromised and which results in a lower quality material.

The time after an adhesive has been applied and permitted to cure when the two surfaces can be bonded

A valley where both sides of the roof are trimmed back from the centerline to expose the valley flashing material beneath.

A surface with a texture comparable to the skin of an orange upon which a protective coating may be applied.

Formed from hydrocarbons.

An asphalt roofing base material manufactured from cellulose fibers.

An asphalt shingle reinforced with organic material manufactured from cellulose fibers.

(Oak Ridge National Laboratory) ORNL is a multiprogram science and technology laboratory managed for the U.S. Department of Energy by UT-Battelle, LLC. Scientists and engineers at ORNL conduct basic and applied research and development to create scientific knowledge and technological solutions that strengthen the nation's leadership in key areas of science; increase the availability of clean, abundant energy; restore and protect the environment; and contribute to national security.

ORNL also performs other work for the Department of Energy, including isotope production, information management, and technical program management, and provides research and technical assistance to other organizations. The laboratory is a program of DOE's Oak Ridge Field Office.

The term used for fasteners driven through roofing material with too much force, breaking the material backing.

The loss of spray particles (from coatings, SPF, etc.) in the air.